Effect of Beijing Olympic Venues on China

Effect of Beijing Olympic Venues on China Section One: Identification of research area (10% 250 words) In this section you will be expected to identify an area of research. You must justify it as an area of research in your academic field; explain why it is topic of importance, why it is of interest and how it will help for the industry your subject area is located in. Research question: Did the venues built for the Olympic Games in Beijing have a positive effect for china? This research topic exemplifies an excellent business model for growth and change and an opportunity to exact best practice for a city in need of renovation, inspired by the International presence of the Olympic Games. It seeks to demonstrate the cause and effect of long-term change and sustainable development that can occur and the value placed upon often risk-taking investment by way of national necessity. From a business perspective the research will focus on determining what the economic, social, political and technological implications have been for China in the light of their internationally profiled focus on making the city of Beijing a more environmentally stable location, having been rated one of the most predominantly polluted and energy and resource hungry cities in the world. The Olympic Village itself contained a number of innovative technologies including a heat pump system, solar collectors, water saving devices, and rainwater collection. Introducing the use of sewage water is likely to save tons of coal each year The Olympic Village also contains a vacuum glass tube solar collection system installed on the buildings roofs which heats tap water. There are water collection tubes installed as part of the roof gardens on the buildings. The 2008 Headquarters Office has estimated that this solar heating system will save nearly 2,400 tons of coal per year. This building will now function as a kindergarten following the Games and the Olympic Village will serve as a residential area. The architecture was designed to save as much energy as possible, through, for instance, orienting the building to take in sunlight in winter, and an exterior sun shading system to cool the inner spaces in summer time.[1] Overall the environmental design and construction of these buildings and surrounding carbon neutral woods, parks and greenbelt areas paved the way for the implementation of new systems that impacted on air quality, energy use, transportation, water, forests and toxics and waste across the city which has influenced the way in which China as one of the most rapidly developing nations in the World is now appreciating its responsibilities to exact environmental standards universally. Beijing now provides an example of China’s commitment to expand in an environmentally cautious way. Section Two: Setting your research aim(s) and objectives (15%) State your research questions, develop a research aim and set your objectives. The hypotheses for this research will aim to answer the question as to whether the building and environmental measures adopted that took place in Beijing for the benefit of the Olympic Games has impacted at all significantly on the wider future appreciation by China to adapt its buildings, resource usage and the subsequent way in which it will continue to conduct its business. This will need to be achieved by presenting the changes that occurred in Beijing, prior, during and following the Olympic Games, to assess the environmental objectives that were woven into the design and implementation of all its new venues and landscapes. A comprehensive summary of the types of buildings and venues that were constructed for the benefit of the Olympic Games in Beijing will need to be provided. Once this has been established, the ways in which these environmental additions proved successful can be measured alongside their sustainability and productivity from a business and environmental perspective. An historical evaluation of the city before it became the chosen host of the games will need to take place in terms of investigating its original economic, political, environmental and technological situation and how this was viewed globally by other nations, as well as in relation to China itself. This will then build an understanding of the way in which the city function ed in comparison to how it now functions in 2008; whether any significant changes have occurred in its growth and fiscal situation. Consequently evidence to support how China has responded to the success of these buildings in relation to the way in which they have increased Beijing’s political, economic and social standing will need to be ascertained with regard to whether this has raised the profile of China generally around the world. Evidence of influence and genuine impact will need to be provided. Section Three: Literature Review (25% 1000 words) Identify the areas of secondary literature you need to be looking (The subject areas which will assist you (Think theoretical areas) Then you will need to give a prà ©cis of the main issues, indicating their relevance to your subject. Literature reviews should also raise issues and develop an argument in the literature if possible. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the fundamental rationale for determining the best way in which to build a framework to take forward a research paper tackling the subject of the effects of Leisure Tourism on a whole nation. Examples of literature will be illustrated through a variety of texts, journals and internet references in order to demonstrate the numerous academic theories and examples that can help shape a contextualised argument exploring a number of hypotheses. The investigative approach for determining the question Did the venues built for the Olympic Games in Beijing have a positive effect for china? can be measured and rationalised by way of several hypothesis; What is the political, economic, technological and social background of Beijing prior to it being awarded host city to the 2008 Olympic Games? How does China function currently as one of the World’s most developing countries economically, what type and level of resources does it use in order to sustain its growth? What was the nature, design remit and approach to building in Beijing in relation to preparing for the Olympic Games and how was it influenced to apply an environmental approach – what physically was constructed and for what purposes? Has the city’s reconstruction made an impact on its environmental situation at all? How has this been communicated to the rest of the world and consequently raised the profile of China? A number of sources relating to these questions can be utilised from journals, texts, reports and online material that will form the fundamental framework to this study and the dissertation will flow in accordance with these lines of reasoning. In order to demonstrate the history of Beijing and its context within China there are a number of sources of material Growth Without Miracles: Readings on the Chinese Economy in the Era of Reform illustrates Chinas economic reform during the second half of the twentieth century. How not just the living conditions of the Chinese population but through its economic transition from central planning to a market economy. The book is complied of thirty widely-cited articles by well known economists in the field of China studies.[2] The Cambridge Handbook of Contemporary China by Colin Mackerras and Amanda Yorke emphasizes China’s openness to Western technology as well as its rejection of Western democratic ideals. This volume offers up-to-date information on all aspects of Chinese life since 1949, with particular emphasis on the 1980s. Maps and tabled statistics accompany the text relating to all areas of Chinese life. China in the Global Economy Environment, Water Resources and Agr icultural Policies: Lessons from China and OECD Countries, by Nong ye bu informs the reader about Chinas water resources which are extremely low, poorly distributed, and increasingly polluted and how Chinas future development depends on initiatives that will raise the efficiency of how water is used. More specific to Beijing many studies have been conducted over the years into the environmental affects of this busy expanding city. One example can be found in Air pollution and daily mortality in residential areas of Beijing, China. Is a research paper which documents the relationship between air pollution and daily mortality in 1989 two residential areas in Beijing, China. ‘A highly significant association was found between [sulfur dioxide] and daily mortality.The association of [total suspended particulates] with total daily mortality was positive but not significant.In the cause-specific analysis, the strongest effects on mortality were consistently seen for respiratory diseases in both [summer and winter].’ [3] The most modern analysis of the processes undertaken by Beijing in the run-up to the ensuing Olympic objectives for the city are highlighted in The Concrete Dragon: Chinas Urban Thomas J. Campanella discusses China’s great building boom that there were fewer than 200 cities in China in the late 1970s compared to the 700 odd today. The scale of China’s urban revolution is detailed, alongside its roaring economy and rapid urbanization elsewhere compared to the rest of the world. In relation to articles and journal citations this area of understanding is well documented. Most useful examples can be gained from examining Spectacular Beijing: The Conspicuous Construction of an Olympic Metropolis which presents a critical review of Beijings Olympic redevelopment, and of the social, economic, and political impacts of hosting ‘mega events’ as a means of urban image construction. How Beijings restructure played an important role in Chinas transition to capitalism as the Olympics have helped concentrate economic and political power in the hands of a coalition of government leaders and private investors. [4] (Broudehoux, 2007) With similar information to be accessed from New Beijing, Great Olympics: Beijing and its Unfolding Olympic Legacy by Ryan Ong and Olympiad Dreams of Urban Renaissance by Rob Imrie. In terms of the most recent analysis carried out in relation to the impact of the games physically and financially, this is a well documented area of dialogue in the media and with scholars. Estimating the Cost and Benefit of Hosting Olympic Games: What Can Beijing Expect from Its 2008 Games? Represents a forecast of what will ensue as a result of the impact on Beijing whilst anticipating ‘The potential for long term economic benefits from the Beijing Games will depend critically on how well Olympics related investments in venues and infrastructure can be incorporated into the overall economy in the years following the Games.’[5](Owen, 2005) For a more generic approach to this argument James Higham’s Sport as an Avenue of Tourism Development: An Analysis of the Positive and Negative Impacts of Sport Tourism looks at the positive economic repercussions for cities who host the Olympic Games. As this is still quite a modern debate it is difficult to source a great deal of scholarly information that determines the subsequent impact to be had on China as a whole. Evidence for this is still emerging and it is suggested that news archives, economic reports and environmental reviews be explored in greater detail in order to address the outcomes of the question under discussion. Many have prophesized or forecast this debate but for factual information a most up to date study of observations being reported from China will be required to substantiate the debate. Another helpful source can be utilized from documents associated with the Beijing Municipal Government and United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). The most relevant of these being the UNEP report Beijing 2008 Olympic Games – An Environmental Review and the official Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games paper Beijing 2008: Environmental Protection, Innovation and Improvement, 2001-2006, Update Report. Section Four: Research Methodology and Design (10% 500 words) Here you will need to focus on the types of methods you intend to use and why. Why for instance will you use one research method over another or why do you need to use more than one method? As a rule of thumb, think about The problem being addressed in this dissertation is to attempt to demonstrate evidence that is both economic and environmental, not only to Beijing but in the broader context of China and how this has essentially been strengthened by the influences of leisure and tourism. It is necessary to conduct considerable research across a number of areas in order to reach the conclusions that will effectively answer the question. Many dissertations of this nature require a definitive method of research in order to build a framework to take forward the means to answering the hypothesis. For the purposes of this essay the way in which the methodology for developing this framework came about is primarily informed by the Literature Review. This type of secondary analysis helps clarify both the type of information available as well as the limitations of that material. Burns’s An Introduction to Tourism and Anthropology demonstrates the fast-growing field of tourism studies. How anthropology is the window through which tourism dynamics should be analyzed and evaluated. [6] In terms of assessing the impact of tourism and how in the case of Beijing it acted as a catalyst for change as well as changing the world’s opinion of the region; this volume suggests an anthropological approach to research, in other words statistical data to explain the phenomena under discussion. Appreciating that this may be the best way of assessing an outcome with which to measure impact, Tourism and leisure research methods: data collection, analysis and interpretation provides the tools to recognise and produce good research through qualitative and quantitative research techniques focusing on reliability, validity and representativeness of data using SPSS for Windows and an SPSS data file to undertake statistical analysis, data management and data documentat ion. In terms of the business studies approach to solving this question, carrying out quantitative research which in the context of Social Sciences includes a wide range of examples and activities offers a solid foundation in research design, measurement, and statistics.’ [7] Applying quantitative research to this study should help develop and create a model for the hypotheses and measure the connection between the data received from the Government and UN reports cited in the Literature Review alongside the empirical results fielded from any contrasting qualitative research that emerges from subsequent interviews, surveys or observations collated from relevant citizens of Beijing, China, officials connected with the construction programmes and the Construction and Environment department of the Beijing Organising Committee as well as analysing relevant documents and material. With the emphasis on quantitative research methods this will largely involve planning, sampling, designing measurement instruments, choosing statistical tests, and interpreting the results [8] In order to effectively analyse leisure and tourism within the business, management and environmental disciplines a number of factors will need to be taken into consideration including anthropology, the economics of China, the history of its growth exemplified by Beijing, human geography, the philosophy and sociology of the environment. Fieldwork will need to be planned and conducted according to ethnographic methods including participant observation, interviewing, focus groups, and video/photographic work to capture and appreciate the changes occurring in China and the move towards an environmentally more astute philosophy. [9] Section Five: Your reflection on the overall process (15% 200 words) Sum up your reflections on the whole research methods process, how you coped with it and how you will approach final year study. This can be in the first person (i.e. ‘I think this I think that.’). This is a fairly challenging area of study which requires the collation of a number of different areas of research to be processed and analysed. In order to quantify and qualify data such as this from a fundamentally empirical approach it is imperative to categorize the subjects or ‘instruments’ in much greater detail. For example should the data be gathered from specific areas in order to provide a holistic approach to determining the question, if so should these reflect economic, social, political and technological affects and form the categories that make up the focus of the discussion points? The need to establish a well thought out framework is crucial. It seems very clear from all of the complexities involved with assessing the impact of construction and technology for the purposes of staging the Olympic Games and how it can best be implemented requires further attention in terms of what is achievable and justifiable in this study. Primary research needs to be completed in order to establish the exact nature and challenges of existing opinions, observations and comparisons relating to the city of Beijing; compared to official government documentation, measured in relation to the overall accepted international objectives of China as a nation in its own right. The different actors, cultures, structures and goals will vary, sometimes considerably between communities under scrutiny. A common vision relating to the objectives of Beijing and its country needs to be legitimised in order to argue whether this has directly influenced China in a beneficial way. Depending on how this research is developed and taken forward in the future will influence the way in which data is recorded and the evidence presented. References Black, T.R. (1999). Doing Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences. London. Sage. Blaxter, L et al. (1996). How to Research. Buckingham. OU Press. Broudehoux, A Spectacular Beijing: The Conspicuous Construction Of An Olympic Metropolis, Journal of Urban Affairs, Volume 29 Issue 4 Brunt, P. (1997) Market Research in Travel and Tourism. Oxford. Butterworth – Heinemann. Bryman, A and D. Cramer. (1997). Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS for Windows. London. Routledge. Burns, P.M. (1999). An Introduction to Tourism and Anthropology. London. Routledge. Campanella, T.J (2008) The Concrete Dragon: Chinas Urban Revolution and What It Means for the World: Princeton Architectural Press Clarke, M, M. Riley, et al. (1999) Research methods in hospitality, tourism and leisure. Thompson International. Cook I and Crang M. (1996) Doing Ethnography. CATMOG. Norwich. Garnaut, R, Huang, Y (2001) Growth Without Miracles: Readings on the Chinese Economy in the Era of Reform: Oxford University Press Higham, J (1999) Commentary — Sport as an Avenue of Tourism Development: An Analysis of the Positive and Negative Impacts of Sport Tourism, Current Issues in Tourism Vol. 2, No. 1 Imrie, R (2007) Olympiad Dreams of Urban Renaissance, Modern Language Assoc, Volume 122, Number 1 Mackerras, C, Yorke, A (1991) The Cambridge Handbook of Contemporary China: Cambridge University Press Nong ye bu (2006) China in the Global Economy Environment, Water Resources and Agricultural Policies: Lessons from China and OECD Countries: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Ong,R (2004) New Beijing, Great Olympics: Beijing and its Unfolding Olympic Legacy, Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, Vol 4, no.2 Owen, J.G (2008) Estimating the Cost and Benefit of Hosting Olympic Games: What Can Beijing Expect from Its 2008 Games? The Industrial Geographer, vol 3, issue 1 Saunders, M.K. Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. (2006) Research Methods for Business Students, (4th ed), Harlow, Prentice Hall Publications. UNEP (2008) Beijing 2008 Olympic Games: An Environmental Review By United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Environment Programme Published by UNEP/Earthprint, 2008. Available from http://www.unep.org/publications/eBooks/beijing-report/Default.aspx?bid=ID0EWBBG Wu, F, Webber, K (2004) the rise of â€Å"foreign gated communities† in Beijing: between economic globalization and local institutions: Elsevier Ltd. Xu, X, Gao, J, Dockery, D.W, Chen Y (1997) Air pollution and daily mortality in residential areas of Beijing, China. In: Research papers on interrelationship between population growth in developing countries and global environment, Volume II. Tokyo, Japan, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, 1997 Mar 3. : 321- 1 [2] Garnaut, R, Huang, Y (2001) Growth Without Miracles: Readings on the Chinese Economy in the Era of Reform [3] Xu, X, Gao, J, Dockery, D.W, Chen Y (1997) Air pollution and daily mortality in residential areas of Beijing, China. In: Research papers on interrelationship between population growth in developing countries and global environment, Volume II. Tokyo, Japan, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, 1997 Mar 3. : 321- [4] Broudehoux, A Spectacular Beijing: The Conspicuous Construction Of An Olympic Metropolis, Journal of Urban Affairs, Volume 29 Issue 4 [5] Owen, J.G (2008) Estimating the Cost and Benefit of Hosting Olympic Games: What Can Beijing Expect from Its 2008 Games? The Industrial Geographer, vol 3, issue 1 [6] Burns, P.M. (1999). An Introduction to Tourism and Anthropology. London. Routledge. [7] Saunders, M.K. Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. (2006) Research Methods for Business Students, (4th ed), Harlow, Prentice Hall Publications. [8] Black, T.R. (1999). Doing Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences. London. Sage. [9] Cook I and Crang M. (1996) Doing Ethnography. CATMOG. Norwich.

Poetry Discussion Questions

How does the language of the poem make Moore more relatable to the audience? A lot of poems are composed of long difficult words that are hard to pronounce and hard to understand. However, in â€Å"Poetry', Moore took a different route to explaining to the reader what poetry is. That is, she approached the poem with words that are used everyday, a technique to help the reader to understand the true meaning of poetry.I also feel like these lines, that we do not admire what e cannot understand† (lines 9-11), point out that the average person does not understand deep, complex literary meanings of words that are not used in everyday life. I also feel like Moore is expressing that this is one of the reasons why people do not read as much poetry, since they are indirectly discriminated due to the language filter. To add on, this may be the reason why the author started off with the lines, â€Å"l, too, dislike it, there are things that are important beyond all this fiddle† (l ine 1).Once again, she relates to the audience in preference of literature. Perhaps through the poem, she is attempting to show herself grow out of the phase of dislike and into the phase of loving poetry to the extent of becoming a poet. The ignorance to poetry makes us believe that we do not enjoy poetry, but I feel like the author expresses that it is a matter of opening the book and surpassing the fear of feeling unintelligible due to the language in sophisticated poems.

William Shakespeare s The Dream Of The Rood, Beowulf, And...

All literature evolves throughout time due to the changes in culture and lifestyle of the society during a particular era. Authors are influenced by the beliefs of the nation, events, struggles, and politics of the time period. These influences can be clearly or subtly shown in the works of those authors of the age. The British culture is one of the many types that reflects such rich history and customs packed into its literature. The foundation of much British literature that integrated the convention of British civilization came during the Medieval Period. The Medieval stories of â€Å"The Dream of the Rood,† Beowulf, and The Canterbury Tales contained some of the British culture concerning gender, religion, and the view of heroes. One aspect of British culture of the Medieval times was the stereotypes of gender and certain expectations in gender roles. For example, the poet of â€Å"The Dream of the Rood† used masculine and feminine language to show position of power (masculine) and powerlessness (feminine). Christ and the Cross shift back and forth between having power and not; both being weakened and defeated by an opposing force, but then rising up to gain honor and victory. The Cross was demoted to the status of a woman and shamed for being â€Å"[h]elpless and unable to act on his own volition [and] must perform according to the dictates of his captors† (Hawkins) when the enemy put Christ on the Cross. It reflects the belief that women or even feminine men are weak, cowardly, and

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In all of these circumstances, those prosecuted normally plead the first, meaning that they have a freedom of speech which should, by constitutional law, allow them to distribute content as they see fit. Many cases involving schools or community organizations claim such, and once again, the fair use defense is addressed. Law enforcement has done its best to put

Family Law Contemporary Issues Free Essays

Family law has been broadened in a wide range of areas that the law governs, as over the years the concept of family has been widely diversified due to changes in modern society and community standards. Family law governs areas such as marriage, family relationships, legal rights and obligations of parents and children, adoption and the protection and care of children within a family. However, over the recent years the changes in each area of family law has shown some changes have been effective and others demonstrate the need for law reform. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Law Contemporary Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is due to the rapid change of the law and changing social standards, therefore the law is attempting to balance the rights and interest of the society and individual family members. The legal recognition of same sex relationships in Australia has dramatically evolved over the years. Same sex relationships have tackled huge issues in regards to marriage, discrimination and property rights. As same sex relationships have been excluded from a number of rights and obligations for example; the legal recognition of same sex marriage. The Marriage Act 1965 (Cth) defines marriage as ‘the legal union of a man and women with the exclusion of others’. Therefore same sex marriage is void in Australia even those who have married in another country it will be seen as an invalid marriage. Having the lack of legal recognition can have direct consequences to same sex relationships and their families as they are excluded from the protections and rights that normal heterosexual couples and families have. This is demonstrated in the Young V Australia (1999) case, where a Sydney man was refused for a veteran’s dependent pension as he was in a same sex relationship. In this incident the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UNHRC) determined the Australian government had breached the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), as ‘all persons are equal before the law. ’ Not only has it breached the ICCPR but it has breach the Sex Discrimination Act 1984. Therefore, this demonstrates how the legal system is ineffective as there is a lack of enforceability with regards to the role that the international law plays in Australia. In order to create equality in the legal system for same-sex relationships the Australian Human Rights Commission report in 2008 had introduced reforms with the aim to provide same sex couples with the same entitlements as heterosexuals. The most significant reform was the introduction of the Property (Relationships) Legislation Amendment Act 1999 (NSW). This has allowed de facto elationships to have the right to divide property as seen in the Hope and Brown v NIB Health Fund Ltd (1995). In this case the Equal Opportunity Tribunal had played an effective role as it has shown to be successfully in achieving justice and equality for same sex relationships. It has also protected the 2 year old son in which Hope and Brown were now permitted to give their child a family policy for his future. Therefore, the reforms th at have occurred in the past decade have been successful as it has given some rights and obligations towards same sex relationships. In NSW 241 300, reports were made about concerns of child’s or young person’s safety according to the Special Commission of Inquiry into child protection services NSW. The concern of the protection and care of both children and individual members under both the Family Law Act 1975 (Cwth) and the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) is the increasing rate of family neglect, abuse and domestic violence. This issue is rapidly increasing each year as the crime rate of children has increased to 70% of young children committing crime due to being neglected or abused in reference to Australian Bureau Statistics (ABS). The government has made numerous amendments and reforms to the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) e. g. Crimes (Domestic Violence) Amendment Act 1987 (NSW), due to increased domestic violence cases within the domestic household. Over the years there have been a number of cases where family members have suffered domestic violence which has resulted in some of them murdering their husbands or partners, e. g. R v Heather Osland 1996 (VIC). Therefore, the legal system has shown how further amendments and reforms can protect individual family members effectively. But the government needs to step up and focus on providing more resources and funds to smaller organisations e. g. Docs. The government has created the Department of Community Services (DOCs) under the Children Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998. This organization helps protect children who are suffering abuse or neglect. Majority of the time Docs have overseen incidents’ and have failed to report any sort of child abuse, neglect or domestic violence. As shown recently in 2012 August 03 in the Sydney Morning Herald (SHM) ‘Abuse Children were ignored by a welfare worker’. The Department of Community Services have failed to protect and prevent children from harm due to being under resourced and not having the adequate resources to protect children. The Australian government should provide efficient resources e. g. having more people involved with better wages in protecting minors. This would therefore be more effective in protecting children and their rights. Without this new reform in the legal system it will increase the number of children who are in great harm, as recently seen in the media ‘Ebony report’- â€Å"reveals history of Docs neglect†. For individual members to feel safe and protected the law has added extra provisions on the Crimes (Domestic Violence) Amendment Act 1982 which amended the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), has included victims who suffer from domestic violence have the right to seek AVO’s. Many people do not fulfill their responsibility towards their children and sometimes having a divorce within the family can cause major conflicts and struggles on the couple, and most importantly the child. As the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOSCAR) shows that inadequate parenting is associated with child neglect, to some extent these are the strongest predictors of juvenile crime as 36% of young people are cautioned. One of the most serious of these cases are children having the thought of committing suicide. As seen in one of the most recent cases Merrett and BASS 2013. This demonstrates how the strenuous tension between a couple can have on child. As a parent they have the responsibility to ensure that their child receives an education and to discipline their child. In the re Marion (1991) it demonstrates how the child had no right or say in her medical procedures. Therefore, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children (CROC) has not been effective as it has not been ratified, which therefore it hasn’t protected the child’s best interest. One of the most recent reforms to the Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1988 (NSW) is that if a child has broken the law e. g. underage drinking or damages on property, the parents are penalized for their child’s actions. Another reform that has shown to ineffective is the introduction of the Family Law Amendment (Shared Parental Responsibility) Act 2006 (Cth), this reform involves the equal custody of the child. However, this isn’t always the case as the child may end up back with their abusive parent as seen in the Whitehead v Storn. The court system has shown to have responded to many issues of different areas of family law however, some of the attempts of reforms have demonstrated to be ineffective. How to cite Family Law Contemporary Issues, Essays

Spousal Abuse Essay Research Paper Spousal AbuseAbuse free essay sample

Spousal Abuse Essay, Research Paper Spousal Abuse Maltreatment means to lead on, to revile, or go against one # 8217 ; s infinite. Spousal maltreatment means to mistreat one # 8217 ; s spouse. Whichever phrase is used to specify it, domestic force means one thing: a violent act against another. Although many actions are being taken to decide this job, to the surprise of many, there still exist a big figure of reported instances of domestic force. The statistics on spousal maltreatment are reeling. Harmonizing to Sandra Arbetter, every 15 secnds a adult female in this state is battered. Almost two million adult females are severly assaulted every twelvemonth. One-third of female homicide victims are killed by a hubby or spouse ( 1 ) Furthermore, as stated in the National Academy of Science, # 8220 ; Twenty-nine per centum of the adult females murdered in the United Stated in 1992 were killed by a hubby, ex-husband, or suitor. # 8221 ; After the breakuo of the relationship, the batterer tends to go a stalker, frequently times, seting the adult female in a state of affairs that might go more unsafe for her if she tries to go forth ( Koshland 1 ) . It is true that spousal maltreatment occurs in households of every racial, cultural, and economic group ( Arbetter 1 ) . In the scriptural yearss, the adult male was considered by all to be the caput of the house. It is reported by Koshland that many civilizations have an unwritten codification that states that the hubby is in bid and deserves to command the married woman. He adds, # 8220 ; The married woman # 8217 ; s personal fright is merely one of the factors that lead many to digest the maltreatment # 8221 ; ( 1 ) . Desire preserve the place, stableness, economic dependance, and concern about separation all lead to a adult female # 8217 ; s unwillingness to go forth or to press charges even when constabularies intervene after an pressing call for aid. Koshland provinces that there is besides a generational influence in relation to domestic force: 80 % of maltreaters were the boies of batterers, holding observed their male parents mistreating their female parents ( Koshland 1 ) . For illustration, about 20 of every 1,000 adult females with household income over $ 40,000 dollars reported being victims of terrible force Ar recorded in a recent survey at the University of Rhode Island ( Arbetter 1 ) . Domestic maltreatment is non merely represent in the lives of common homemakers and female parents ; many celebrated adult females have been victimized by maltreatment. Randolph reveals that Halley Berry id deaf in one ear because of maltreatment. As a small miss, Terry McMillan grew up in a violent family, and as a adult adult female, she left her boy # 8217 ; s male parent after she became a victim of it. Tina Turner ended both her matrimony and her legendary vocalizing calling with Ike Turner after old ages of enduring from it. Every twelvemonth more than 1,300 adult females die from domestic abuse.It goes by a battalion of footings: wife-beating, spousal maltreatment, and domestic force are merely a few. But whatever footings are used, they all mean the same thing: hubbies crushing up their married womans and fellows buffeting their girlfriends. Men brutalise the adult females they claim to love in about incomprehens ible Numberss. Every 16 seconds, one adult females is beaten by a partner or loved one ; four million adult females are abused every twelvemonth ( 1 ) . In add-on, Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala states that domestic force in the United Stated is jusst about every bit common as giving birth. In fact, domestic force is so common that it is now the taking cause of hurt to American adult females. Representative Barbara Rose Collins claims that domestic maltreatment histories for more visits to the infirmary exigency suites than auto clangs, mugging and colzas combined. Furthermore, in 1992, the U.S. sawbones general ranked maltreatment by fellows and hubbies as the taking cause of hurts to adult females age 15 to 44 ( Randolph 1 ) . These are merely a few of the reported instances and results of spousal maltreatment. Fischer and Rose suggest that adult females may go forth buffeting relationships in a figure of ways, one of which may be using the aid of the legal system through a tribunal order of protection ( 1 ) . When affecting the legal system, it adds an extra consensus in the decision-making procedure ( Fischer and Rose 1 ) . # 8220 ; Obtaining a tribunal order of protection involves a two-step procedure # 8221 ; ( Fisher and Rose 1 ) . First, the victim is granted a shot-term restraining order ; following, the victim must return to tribunal to obtain a more lasting order. One of the major barriers to obtaining orders of protection is fear. The victim should take attentiveness of the menaces and travel the legal system to forestall being physically abused ( Fisher and Rose 1 ) . Koshlandd finds bridal abuse, now bring forthing much attending in the United States, a calamity viewed from any position. However, he feels that the exposure of the topic of domestic may assist to bring forth appropriate action ( 1 ) . The # 8220 ; Violence Against Women Act # 8221 ; passed last twelvemonth by Congress provides $ 426,000 dollars per province per twelvemonth for six old ages and created the first United States office mandated to organize a comprehensive assault on the job. One article notes that the figure of shelters for beat-up adult females has grown dramatically, from 50 or 80 in the mid # 8217 ; -70 # 8217 ; s to several thousand today ; most are professionally staffed ( # 8221 ; USA # 8221 ; 2 ) . In add-on, there comes a clip when sufficiency is # 8220 ; Enough! # 8221 ; When the victim decides to seek tribunal orders of protection he/she is stating I have had enough.Consequently, the order of protection comes to typify that all the relationships can b e broken: the victims soundless conformity, the batterer # 8217 ; s keep over his victim through force, and the batterer # 8217 ; s power to specify his victim no longer be ( Fisher and Rose8 ) . Spousal maltreatment is a terrible violent act at any position. It has become really common in the United States. At the same clip, many bar methods are being used to decide this calamity. The job of spousal maltreatment could be diminished easy if adult females would larn how to get the better of their frights. Womans have the authorization to halt domestic maltreatment. They have to recognize that they don # 8217 ; Ts have to accept such an act of force.